Case Study 1: The Sailors & Scurvy
Scenario: In 1746, Scottish physician James Lind observed sailors suffering from bleeding gums and swollen limbs during long sea voyages.
Analysis:
- Problem: Sailors ate preserved food (dry biscuits, salted meat) for months with no fresh produce.
- Observation: Those who ate lemons and oranges recovered.
- Scientific Conclusion: The sailors lacked Vitamin C, which is found in citrus fruits. The deficiency disease is called Scurvy. Vitamin C is crucial for healthy gums and wound healing.
Case Study 2: Goitre in the Himalayas
Scenario: In the 1960s, people in the Northern plains and Himalayas had swollen necks.
Analysis:
- Problem: The soil in these regions was deficient in Iodine, so the crops and water also lacked Iodine.
- Symptom: Swelling of the thyroid gland in the neck.
- Solution: The Government introduced Iodised Salt (Salt mixed with Potassium Iodate).
- Scientific Conclusion: Iodine is essential for the production of thyroxine hormone. Its deficiency causes Goitre.
Activity 3.9 Analysis: Label Reading
Let’s compare the Nutrition Labels provided in the text mathematically.
| Nutrient (per 100g) | Potato Wafers | Roasted Chana | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy | 536 kcal | 355 kcal | Chana (Lower calorie density is better for snacking) |
| Fats | 35.0 g | 6.26 g | Chana (Much lower fat) |
| Proteins | 7.0 g | 18.64 g | Chana (High protein) |
| Fibre | 4.8 g | 16.8 g | Chana (High fibre aids digestion) |
Conclusion: Potato wafers are calorie-dense with high fat, classifying them as Junk Food. Roasted Chana is nutrient-dense with high protein and fibre, making it a Healthy Snack.