The Origins
Jainism became widespread around the same time as Buddhism (6th century BCE), though its roots are considered much older.
Vardhamana Mahavira, a prince from Vaishali (Bihar), left home at age 30. After 12 years of ascetic discipline, he attained supreme wisdom. He became known as a Jina (Conqueror) and Mahavira (Great Hero).
Tip
What is a Jina? The word ‘Jain’ comes from Jina. It refers to a conqueror not of territories, but of ignorance and attachments.
Core Teachings
Jainism shares concepts like ahimsa and karma with Buddhism and Vedanta but has unique emphases.
The Three Pillars
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Ahimsa (Non-violence):
- “All breathing, existing, living, sentient creatures should not be slain, nor treated with violence.”
- This extends to all life forms, emphasizing deep interconnectedness.
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Anekantavada (Many-sidedness):
- The truth has many aspects. No single statement can fully describe the absolute truth. It teaches tolerance of different viewpoints.
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Aparigraha (Non-possession):
- Limiting oneself to what is truly necessary.
- Detachment from material possessions.
A Jain Story: Rohineya
Rohineya was a skilled burglar. He accidentally heard a sermon by Mahavira about liberation. Later, when caught and tested by a minister, he remembered Mahavira’s words, which helped him see through the deception. Feeling remorse, he confessed, returned stolen goods, and became a monk.
- Moral: Everyone deserves a second chance; right action and thinking lead to liberation.